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Archive for the ‘Embryology’ Category

Embryology of Tibetan Medicine

Monday, October 24th, 2011

Embryology is a branch of science knowledge dealing with the formation of an embryo and its development until delivery. There is a high achievement in this aspect.

First of all, recognition of the phenomenon of embryo formation. Early in Sman dpyad zla ba’i rgyal po, and Rgyud bzhi 1,000 years ago, there was full recognition of this problem, pointing out that the opportune time for fertilization is about 12 days after menstruation. Earlier or later than that will not be fertile. This is the most precise and earliest record in traditional Chinese medicine. In the books, it also points out that a woman will easily tire, suffer a withered complexion, have a distended chest, and an uneasy or painful waist before menstruation. At the peak of the fertilization period, a woman has higher libido.

Tibetan medicine claims that an embryo involves the merger of the father’s semen and mother’s blood. This idea is an excellent Chinese medicine diagnosis at the time when there was no microscope to observe these matters. Based on this idea, Tibetan medicine also stresses the importance of both the father’s semen and mother’s blood. Abnormality of either, such as diseased rlung, mkhris pa, or badkan, will result in infertility. When there is a rough appearance, abnormal color or degree of concentration, and abnormal smell, no embryo will be formed. This is both correct and scientific. In the old society, people used to blame the female side for infertility, so it is scientific that Tibetan medicine seeks the reasons for infertility equally in either the man or woman.

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Tibetan medicine also pointed out that there should be “five origins” for embryo formation, namely, earth, water; fire, wind and space. It is coincident that traditional Chinese medicine activity also emphasizes that, in the formation of embryo, the “water is accepted in the 4th month, fire accepted in the 5th month, metal accepted in the 6th month, wood accepted in the 7th month and earth accepted in the 8th month”.

However, the “five origins” of Tibetan medicine is different to the “five dements” of TCM. The earth in TCM is the ground-earth for embryo development, and the space of Tibetan medicine offers a room for the embryo to stay and develop. Both systems maintain that all five factors should be harmonious to ensure normal development.

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Embryology – Basics

Monday, October 3rd, 2011

has been derived or developed from , which is a. The word embryon means . Embryology has been defined as that science’s branch which deals in straight from ovum’s phase of fertilization to the stage of . After the of the embryo, the morula or dividing-cells transforms to a or hollow-ball, that produces a pore or hole towards 1 end. The blastula, in the bilateral-animals, develops builds up in either of the 2 ways which splits the entire kingdom of animal into 2 halves. When the 1st pore or blastopore transforms to the animal’s mouth, in blastula, then it is called as and when the 1st pore or blastopore transforms to the anus then it is called as . The invertebrate organisms (like molluscs, insects and worms) come under the category of protostomes, where as vertebrates comes under the category of deuterostone. Some times, blastula transforms into a very different structure which is known as gastrula.

The together with the blastopore develops soon through which every tissue and organ of the body develops. The three layers are mentioned below:

– This is the layer lying inside the body. It develops within it digestive-organs, bladder and lungs.
– This is the layer lying in between, it give rise to muscles, blood-system and skeleton.
– This is the layer which lies in the outermost side, here in this region we find skin and nervous system.

In the humans, means a ball which divides the cells from that time when zygote develops itself in uterus wall till 8th week’s end after impregnation. After the passage of 8 weeks, the human which is developing is called as a fetus. In most of the species, embryos, appear often same in the early stages of development. The similarity is present because all these species shared the history of evolution. Such similarities amidst the species are termed as homologous-structures. Homologous structures are those structures which have similar or same mechanism and function that has been evolved out from ancestors which are common among them.

Many are applicable on both the invertebrate as well as vertebrate animals. Thus, for this reason, invertebrate-embryology studies have advanced vertebrate-embryology-vertebrate studies. However, much dissimilarity is there. For e.g. larva is released by large number of invertebrate organisms before the development reaches the last stage or is finished; when the period of larva ends, the animal resembles like that of its parents for the 1st time.

However, the embryology of invertebrate is same in few manners for other invertebrate organisms. Variations are also present in more number. For example, spiders directly proceed from the eggs to the adult form whereas insects pass through minimum 1 stage of larva.

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